灰熔(rong)融(rong)性(xing)檢(jian)測(ce)儀(yi)/灰(hui)熔(rong)點(dian)測定(ding)儀(yi)/煤質分析儀
儀器(qi)介(jie)紹(shao)
煤灰熔(rong)融(rong)性(xing)是(shi)動(dong)力(li)和(he)氣化用煤的重要(yao)指標。煤灰是(shi)由各種礦物(wu)質組(zu)成的混(hun)合(he)物(wu)，沒有壹個(ge)固定(ding)的熔(rong)點(dian)，只有壹個(ge)熔(rong)化(hua)溫度(du)的範圍(wei)。煤灰熔(rong)融(rong)性(xing)又(you)稱(cheng)灰熔(rong)點(dian)。煤的礦物(wu)質成(cheng)分不(bu)同，煤的灰熔(rong)點(dian)比(bi)其某壹單(dan)個成(cheng)分灰熔(rong)點(dian)低。灰(hui)熔(rong)點(dian)的測定(ding)方(fang)法常用角(jiao)錐(zhui)法、見GB219-2008。將煤灰與糊(hu)精混(hun)合(he)塑(su)成三(san)角錐(zhui)體，放(fang)在高(gao)溫爐(lu)中(zhong)加(jia)熱，根據灰錐(zhui)形(xing)態(tai)變化(hua)確(que)定(ding)DT（變(bian)形(xing)溫度(du)）、ST（軟(ruan)化(hua)溫度(du)）和(he)FT（熔(rong)化(hua)溫度(du)）。壹(yi)般用ST評定(ding)煤灰熔(rong)融(rong)性(xing)。
使(shi)用範(fan)圍(wei)
灰(hui)熔(rong)融(rong)性(xing)檢(jian)測(ce)儀(yi)/灰熔(rong)點(dian)測定(ding)儀(yi)/煤質分析儀該煤質分析儀專門用於(yu)煤灰熔(rong)融(rong)性(xing)測(ce)定(ding)的智能化儀(yi)器(qi)。按照(zhao)國(guo)標GB/T219-1996采(cai)用單(dan)片(pian)機自動(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)升溫速度(du)，爐(lu)體可(ke)以自由旋轉，取(qu)放(fang)樣方便(bian)。 儀器(qi)特(te)點(dian) １　適(shi)用於(yu)測定(ding)煤的灰熔(rong)融(rong)特性(xing)。２　單(dan)片(pian)機程(cheng)序(xu)控(kong)制(zhi)，按國(guo)標自動(dong)完成(cheng)灰(hui)熔(rong)點(dian)測定(ding)的升溫過程(cheng)。３　具(ju)有多種故障(zhang)提(ti)示(shi)功能。操作(zuo)簡(jian)便(bian)，性(xing)能穩(wen)定(ding)可(ke)靠(kao)。
煤灰成(cheng)分介紹
煤灰熔(rong)融(rong)性(xing)煤灰熔(rong)融(rong)性(xing)和(he)煤灰粘(zhan)度(du)是(shi)動(dong)力(li)用煤的重要(yao)指標.煤灰熔(rong)融(rong)性(xing)習慣(guan)上稱(cheng)作(zuo)煤灰熔(rong)點(dian),但嚴格(ge)來(lai)講這(zhe)是不(bu)確(que)切(qie)的.因為(wei)煤灰是(shi)多種礦物(wu)質組(zu)成的混(hun)合(he)物(wu),這(zhe)種混(hun)合(he)物(wu)並沒有壹個(ge)固定(ding)的熔(rong)點(dian),而僅(jin)有壹個(ge)熔(rong)化(hua)溫度(du)的範圍(wei).開(kai)始(shi)熔(rong)化(hua)的溫度(du)遠比(bi)其中(zhong)任壹(yi)組(zu)分純(chun)凈礦物(wu)質熔(rong)點(dian)為(wei)低.這(zhe)些(xie)組(zu)分在壹定(ding)溫度(du)下(xia)還(hai)會(hui)形(xing)成壹(yi)種共(gong)熔(rong)體,這(zhe)種共(gong)熔(rong)體在熔(rong)化(hua)狀(zhuang)態(tai)時,有熔(rong)解(jie)煤灰中(zhong)其他(ta)高(gao)熔(rong)點(dian)物(wu)質的性(xing)能,從而(er)改(gai)變了(le)熔(rong)體的成及其熔(rong)化(hua)溫度(du).
煤灰的熔(rong)融(rong)性(xing)和(he)煤灰的利(li)用取(qu)決(jue)於(yu)煤灰的組成(cheng).煤灰成(cheng)分十分復雜,主要(yao)有:SiO2,A12O3,Fe23,CaO,MgO,SO3等,如(ru)下(xia)表所(suo)示(shi):
我(wo)國(guo)煤灰成(cheng)分的分析
灰分成分 SiO2 A12O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO K2O+Na2O
含(han)量(liang)(%) 15~60 15~40 1~35 1~20 1~5 1~5
煤灰成(cheng)分及其含(han)量(liang)與層(ceng)聚(ju)積環境有關。我(wo)國(guo)很(hen)多(duo)煤層(ceng)的礦物(wu)質以粘土(tu)為(wei)主，煤灰成(cheng)分則為(wei)SiO2，A12O3為(wei)主，兩者(zhe)總(zong)和(he)壹般可(ke)達(da)50~80%。在(zai)濱海沼(zhao)澤中(zhong)形(xing)成的煤層(ceng)，如(ru)華北晚(wan)石(shi)紀(ji)煤層(ceng)黃鐵(tie)礦(kuang)含(han)量(liang)高(gao)，煤灰中(zhong)Fe2O3及SO3含(han)量(liang)亦較(jiao)高(gao)；在內(nei)陸(lu)湖盆(pen)地(di)中(zhong)形(xing)成的某些(xie)第(di)三(san)紀(ji)褐煤的煤灰中(zhong)CaO含(han)量(liang)較(jiao)高(gao)。
大量(liang)試(shi)驗(yan)資料表明，SiO2含(han)量(liang)在45~60%時，灰熔(rong)點(dian)隨(sui)SiO2含(han)量(liang)增加(jia)而(er)降(jiang)低；SiO2在(zai)其含(han)量(liang)<45%或>60%時(shi)，與灰熔(rong)點(dian)的關系(xi)不(bu)夠明(ming)顯(xian)。A12O3在(zai)煤灰中(zhong)始終起(qi)增高(gao)灰熔(rong)點(dian)的作(zuo)用。煤灰中(zhong)A12O3的含(han)量(liang)超過期30%時(shi)，灰(hui)熔(rong)點(dian)在1500。灰(hui)成分中(zhong)Fe2O3，CaO，MgO均為(wei)較(jiao)易(yi)熔(rong)組(zu)分，這(zhe)些(xie)組(zu)分含(han)量(liang)越高(gao)，灰熔(rong)點(dian)就(jiu)越低。灰(hui)熔(rong)點(dian)也可(ke)根(gen)據其組(zu)成用經(jing)驗(yan)公(gong)式(shi)進行計算。